Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Trans-Labrador Highway, completed in 2009, connects southern, central, and western Labrador to the road network of Quebec. In 1500 the Portuguese explorer Gaspar Corte-Real made a more thorough exploration, and named several bays and capes along the east coast The pulp and paper mills at Corner Brook and Grand Falls substantially increased production, and mines at Buchans, St Lawrence and Wabana worked to capacity. During the 16th century this was a migratory fishery with crews The UArctic network brings together . Cathy Jones, Bob Joy, Greg Malone, Miquelon. Newfoundland and Labradors traditional fishery based on the production of dried salt cod for markets in Europe, the West Indies, and Brazil has virtually disappeared since the 1940s. Keeping Newfoundlands population flexible High unemployment most severely affected the young and there was again considerable out-migration in the late 1990s and early 2000s as people sought employment in western Canada's booming economy. Increased danger at sea also meant that many more people chose to remain on the Island, thus spurring population growth. The island is separated from the . advent of quick-freezing and of boats capable of transporting the frozen product to market radically changed the industry. Mandate Letter Beothuk, and in Labrador, the Innu. A section of the Trans-Canada Highway crosses Newfoundland, generally following the route of the old rail line. Agriculture has been of minor importance in Newfoundland because of the poor soil and adverse climate. In 2016, however, this number had decreased to 2.6 per cent. Labrador. Oil & Gas 101: Whats the Coastal GasLink pipeline? Ferry service remains an important means of transportation in the province. An intensive campaign ensued between the confederates, led by Joseph R. Smallwood, and the anti-confederates, which the confederates won by a narrow Tuck, Aboriginal Inhabitants of Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula (nd) and Newfoundland and Labrador Prehistory (1976). Others would argue that land resources in Newfoundland and Labrador are mostly too remote and too marginal in the world economy, and that money spent on . Pop. as anything more than a fishing colony. This page and all contents are copyright, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, all rights reserved. However, there remain two Innu communities in Labrador today, Selected Economic Indicators Forecast 2012-2022f. Facing serious challenges, As production from existing offshore developments naturally declines, continued health of the industry will depend on investment in new developments. In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert sailed into St John's Harbour and claimed the Island for England. With opportunities accessible through cheap transportation by land, air and sea, they moved on, mostly to central or western Canada. These forces have produced a highly complex geologic structure, with ancient rocks of Europe and Africa on the east, newer Appalachian rocks on the west, and the bed of the ancient ocean squeezed up between them. The denominational education system is protected in the Terms of Union (1948). Newfoundland and Labrador, province of Canada composed of the island of Newfoundland and a larger mainland sector, Labrador, to the northwest. Exploration for petroleum and natural gas began offshore in the 1960s, and there have been numerous significant discoveries on the Grand Banks and the Labrador Shelf. Newfoundland's first public radio stations began operation in St John's in the 1920s. signed in 1713, awarded Newfoundland to England and left the French with fishing rights to the French Shore, a section of the coast between Cape Bonavista and Point Riche. At Hydro we work to foster positive work-life balance and offer remote or hybrid working arrangements for some positions based on the nature of work being performed and an assessm Through scouring and deposits, glaciation left a pockmarked landscape capable of storing vast quantities of water in thousands of lakes, ponds and bogs. Since the Second World War many people have moved from small communities to large towns and growth centres. margin, 52 per cent to 48 per cent. are located in its interior. By 1600 the English fishery had grown to include approximately 150 ships sailing mostly from West Country ports, and the coast from Trepassey to Bonavista had come to be known as the English Shore. It is the newest of Canadas 10 provinces, having joined the confederation only in 1949; its name was officially changed to Newfoundland and Labrador in 2001. The overall unemployment rate is significantly higher than the national average. of the Island. The English migratory fishery ground to a halt and never fully recovered Women constitute more than half of the workforce. Updates? With respect to oil, there are four major offshore projects in production: Hibernia, Terra Nova, White Rose and Hebron. These stocks provided profitable opportunities for fishermen from France, England, Spain and neighboring island of Newfoundland. all but replaced the old method of the family-run enterprise of catching, salting and sun-curing cod for sale to Caribbean and Mediterranean areas. the English fishing fleet the right to act as appeal judges. Labradors northern coastal region is mountainous, deeply fjorded, and grows only ground-level, subarctic vegetation. Sheshatshiu and Natuashish. site in North America, which was declared a United Nations World Heritage Site in 1978. Atlantic Provinces Economic Council report shows just how vital offshore development is to Newfoundland and Labrador. There are several hydroelectric power plants, the largest being Churchill Falls Generating Station. service to and from these points. (Chart courtesy APEC.). Updated with Consumer Price Index Data for 2021. and Fortune bays. The impact of the economic recessions of the late 1970s, early 1980s and early 1990s were sharply felt in Newfoundland, although there was no comparison with the desperate conditions of the Great Depression in the early 1930s. Of these minerals, iron ore accounts for well over half the value of the industry, followed by nickel and copper. Nevertheless, the watersheds of the larger rivers contain deeper surface deposits that support the growth of excellent forest stands, and the province has pockets of arable mineral soils that support agriculture. Summers, W. F.. "Newfoundland and Labrador". Most of Newfoundland and Labrador shows the effects of continental glaciation during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). Canada's three territories cover almost 40 per cent of the country. The trans-insular railway from St John's to Channel-Port aux Basques started Since then other fields in the vicinity have been developed. The province is forecasting a deficit of $1.8 billion in 2020/2021, up from $1.3 billion the previous year. Box 8700 St. John's, NL A1B 4J6. Newfoundland and LabradorThe official website of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. mackerel, squid, eels, scallops and crab. In response to this development, the industry has diversified with some success into shellfish (primarily crab and shrimp), and there has been a significant expansion in aquaculture. Newfoundland (/ n u f n (d) l n d /, locally / n u f n d l n d /; French: Terre-Neuve, Canadian French: [ta.nv]; Mikmaq: Ktaqmkuk) is a large island off the east coast of the North American mainland and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.It has 29 percent of the province's land area. It is located on the outskirts of St Johns. Interrupted drainage systems throughout the province have created extensive peat bogs. Newfoundland and Labrador Lieutenant-Governors: Table. A narrow-gauge railway was built during the 1880s and 90s from St. Johns to ChannelPort aux Basques along a route that touched the major bays. and some Scots whose ancestors were from Cape Breton, NS. Fogo Island and Twillingate, Dr. William Carson and Patrick Morris, A few important offshore islands (e.g., Fogo, Ramea, Bell and the Little Bay Islands) have ferry service, while others (e.g., Random, Twillingate and Greenspond) are now linked by causeways. This heritage, shaped by centuries of Newfoundland's isolated, maritime way of life, has produced a vibrant, The APEC report outlines various general fiscal measures the province could take (not specific to the offshore industry) but makes one point very clear: the sustainable development of NLs natural resources is critical to the provinces economy. Although the offshore industry is subject to uncontrollable factors such as global commodity price, governments can take steps to support the industry, especially to enable a competitive investment environment. Settlement also expanded northwest onto the French Shore. The naval governors sailed to Newfoundland each spring and returned to England in the fall. The French launched two devastating campaigns. Relative peace in Western Europe in the early 17th century resulted in various attempts to settle the east coast of North America. Bay Roberts. Labrador's economy has been built around the resources of land and sea. If you would like help understanding the process and opportunities, contact the Office of Immigration and Multiculturalism, Office of Immigration and Multiculturalism. MHAs are elected by eligible voters in their electoral district. The establishment of railways, roads and airports brought changes. Nicole is a proud Newfoundlander and Labradorian who is raising her daughter and building a life with her partner in the province. They were apparently open to children of all denominations. Labrador, and included a "new isle." In, Summers, W. F.. "Newfoundland and Labrador. Phone: 1-709-729-3017 Despite the devastation of the French attacks, the Treaty of Utrecht, ), The premier typically appoints members of the Cabinet from among the MHAs who belong to the party in power. tradesmen increased. Since John Cabot's arrival on the new isle the island has been referred to as Terra Nova, or in A regular ferry service that connected the railway to the mainland Canadian rail system in Nova Scotia began in 1898. stocks after years of overfishing. (Chart courtesy APEC.). Draggers operating offshore on the Banks, and smaller boats in the near-shore and inshore waters, could In April 1949 the CBC began There were many subsequent crossings from Newfoundland in the 1920s and 1930s, culminating with the ferrying of thousands of bombers from Gander to England during the Second World War (see Ferry Command); but government-funded, church-administered education survives today. Branches were later built to Lewisporte on Bay of Exploits and to Stephenville. Offshore also generates significant spin-off activities in transportation, professional services, construction and manufacturing, housing and hospitality and others: every direct job supports 1.3 indirect jobs. In 2004, the Inuit won the right to self-government. Box 8700 APECs worst-case projection forecasts NLs GDP could be 15 per cent lower by 2040. Coeditor of, President Emeritus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's. The salt-cod fishery was the principal occupation and the mainstay of the economy, but there was also logging, mining and agriculture. The Division is responsible for economic forecasting, economic impact analysis, demographic analysis, population projections, occupational projections and providing a range of economic inputs into the overall Budget preparation process. Nevertheless, women were eventually allowed to settle on the island once it became apparent that having small settlements could prove even more advantageous for the fishing industry. The island of Newfoundland is the easternmost region of Canada, while Labrador is located on the mainland to the northwest. This. Despite the importance of resource-based industries to the province, in 2016 the sectors employing the most people were health care and social assistance, retail, and construction. As a result, tourism does not provide work for as many people as some other parts of the service sector, which, overall, employs the greatest portion of the provincial workforce. Provincial personal income taxes average out at just above 11%. The Electricity is provided by two companies: Newfoundland The first centres developed around St Johns and Conception Bay, then generally along the east and south Although most of the rocks are igneous and metamorphic formations of Precambrian age (i.e., older than about 540 million years), the Labrador trough, in the west, contains softer sedimentary deposits and includes some of North Americas most extensive iron-ore deposits. French fishing rights were revoked in 1904, the northern and western coasts became available for settlement. Over the next 50 years settlement gradually expanded Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore: Big numbers, big potential Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor Emeritus of History, Memorial University, St. James, Newfoundland. Year by year the percentage of salted cod produced and sold declined, whereas the percentage of fresh-frozen fish species such Newfoundland and Labrador is delivering affordable and reliable renewable energy to the people of the province and beyond, while developing and using its renewable energy resources in a way that protects the environment and grows jobs and the industry." Honourable Andrew Parsons Minister of Industry, Energy and Technology The economy of Newfoundland and Labrador was originally founded 500 years ago on the fishery. Most of the power generated at Churchill Falls is sold to HydroQubec at what are now considered bargain prices under a long-term contract. John's became an affiliate of Memorial in 1992. on the east coast. What are the economic resources of Newfoundland? Balsam fir predominates as the most common tree in Newfoundland and the second most common in Labrador. Population stood at 528,818 as of October 1, 2022. More Irish arrived in the latter part of the 17th century. It was decided to hold a referendum through which the people would make a choice between the Commission government, Also of importance are fruit crops, namely blueberries, strawberries and cranberries. Pratt, The Diploma in Northern Peoples, Lands and Resources is administered by the School of Arctic and Subarctic Studies at the Labrador Campus, in partnership with the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. The International Grenfell Association, founded by Sir Wilfred Grenfell in the King William's Act, issued in 1699, recognized the rights of settlers but made no allowance for a settled government. Below are some of the websites that list employment opportunities. on the island of Newfoundland. Established in 1823 with a special concern for educating Newfoundland's poor, by the early 1840s this society had nondenominational schools in many towns and outports. The coastal terrain is hilly and rugged; the coast itself is marked by numerous bays and fjords, and there are many offshore islands. Economic Development Officer - Innovation at Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 1d Report this post Report Report. Today, the industry has largely shifted toward shellfish. Net debt will be about $16 billion by the end of 2021, Canadas largest per-capita debt. Gander continues to serve as an international crossroads for aircraft carrying goods and people to distant corners of the world.