The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). LS23 6AD Write a paragraph or two. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. VAT reg no 816865400. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. They began to revolt against the Spanish. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Foreign Affairs. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Why religious compromise was so difficult. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. . The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. King Philip of Spain sent an. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. Register for free, Home /
Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Bitesize PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins (*fragmentary*). The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Company Reg no: 04489574. - death of henry II. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. J. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry.