program [19], and sequence data were entered. wounds, followed by placement of sterile PDA discs. Screening of Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Early Blight (Alternaria Solani) Khaidem Malemnganba Meitei, … Sci., 53 Ten bacteria isolate (4 Bacillus subtilis, 2 Bacillus pumilus, 2 Bacillus cereus, 1 Bacillus megaterium, and 1 agrobac-terium radiobacter) were tested in vitro for antagonistic properties against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mould. Test results are given in Table 3. showed more or less inhibitory activity against, the smallest colony diameter was observed in TV-, ameter was observed in TV-12E isolate (9.00 mm), (Table 3). Spore suspension was adjusted to have 1 x, tometer. Multiplication was performed us-, area used as a barcode during molecular identifica-, tion of bacteria [24]. Majority of the isolates of P. agglomerans had good potentiality to solubilize the phosphorus, produce siderophores, indole acetic acid and ammonia. The disease in severe cases can lead to complete defoliation and is most damaging on tomato in regions with heavy dew, rainfall, high humidity, and fairly high temperatures (24-29°C). fruit weight. Bacterial isolates showing capacity to grow in nitrogen-free conditions, for hormones production (IAA, GA3) and to solubilise phosphate as microbial fertilizer were used to reproduce the corms of saffron plants. Food, Sciences and Technologies (ICAFOF). W J, using some antagonistic microorganisms. With the awareness on the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against pests and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to find new methods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Tomato plants in the control plots had a significantly lower fruit weight (69.5 g). For this reason, new strategies are needed to control this pest. Biocontrol fungal isolates, their identification results, identification (%) according to molecular identification and hypersensitivity (HR), Antifungal activities of the bacteria against pathogen on Petri plate assays, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Elif Tozlu, In the present study, we investigated totally 13, lated from shoots or roots of wild and cultivated, fication System (MIS) in various previous studies, identified by molecular system for their antifungal, 1 fungal isolates that showed the highest efficacy in, which showed the highest effect were determined to, Tomato is an annual plant in temperate climates, and a perennial plant in tropical climates. But they are not considered to be long-term so-, lutions, due to concerns of expense, development of, resistance in pathogens, exposure risks. Fourteen, days after the inoculation, re-isolation was per-, and isolates were obtained a second time, thus, Koch, symptoms caused by ET 66 isolate that was deter-, mined to be the most virulent isolate based on the, result of pathogenicity test were evaluated, and this, isolate was cultured on PDA medium. Plant growth promoting activities of P. agglomerans isolates were tested in vitro situation. (STUDIES ON Alternaria solani CAUSING EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)). ... are omnipresent, residing in plants, water, soil, animals and humans. These bacteria were tested for disease suppression on lemon fruits. old seedlings of tomato in Pseudomonas solution prior to transplanting. Plant Protect. 689(11), 1-7. screening of potato germplasm against potato, (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of. Overwintering spores and mycelia of A. solani are melanized (darkly pigmented) and can withstand a Lukens RJ (1960) Conidial production from filter paper culture of Helminthosporium vagans and Alternaria solani. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Its inhibitory ef-, fect is attributed to extracellular enzymes, phenylal-, anine ammonia-lyase defense enzyme and oxidative, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and, superoxide dismutase, antifungal metabolites, anti-, such as b-1,3-glucanase that are produced this mi-, the most commonly used fungal biocontol agent in, the most promising due to its antagonistic activity, [35, 36]. Out of the different bio-agents tested, P. fluorescens was found most effective followed by Trichoderma harzianum under in vitro condition. There was no significance difference in the Some of the bacterial applications gave growth and yields of saffron equal to or higher than the hormones applied. The growth of the pathogen in the treated plate and control plate were measured and the efficiency of antagonistic organisms control the pathogens were expressed as % inhibition of mycelia. KW - Alternaria solani. 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) and nontarget organ-. Fatty acid methyl ester (MIS) gave correct, identification results for genus, after we made mo-, for specific identification. The intensity of light, duration of exposure, temperature at the time of exposure and scraping the cultures have a considerable effect on spore yield and spore dimensions. The highest growth of the plant at 45 DAT (49.2cm) and at harvest (81.2cm) and maximum fresh (711.3g) and dry weight (265g) was found in B. subtilis @50g/m2 in nursery bed + B. subtilis 2.5kg along with 2.5 tons of FYM/ha. While, treatment T7=Propineb @ 3g /kg (ST) + NSKE @ 5% (FS) + Pseudomonas florescence @ 1x 109 was found less effective over the control. Afr J Biotechnology, Nadaroglu, H., Kotan, R. (2016) Biological con-, the causal agent of white mould disease in red. Twenty six isolates of P. agglomerans, two reference strains of P. agglomerans (DWM-1and DWM-2) and three out group bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis DTBS-5, B. cereus JHTBS-7, and Pseudomonas fluorescens DTPF-3 were taken to study genetic diversity by using BOX–PCR primers. For plants that were used as controls, similarly, sterile water was applied to the inflicted. were antagonistic to A. solani. In addition, all bacteria inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination (except agrobacterium radiobacter) of the fungus. [21]. This was followed by pots in, which the bacterial isolates FD-49 (3.20), TV-17C, (3.40), TV-6F (3.80), TV-12H (3.80), TV-87A, the pathogen. Karagöz, K. and Sezen, M. (2010) Effect of ni-, growth and quality properties in wheat and, sugar beet. Among the fourteen solid culture media, potato dextrose agar medium produce maximum mycelia growth followed by oat mea agar media, while water agar medium was produce minimum mycelium growth. These isolates were then transferred to the test tubes, containing PDA, and were stored at + 4°C for later, containing a mixture of peat enriched in organic ma-, terial and perlite in equal amounts, and kept in plant, hours light cycles. Among the isolates of A.solani, different culture media were exhibited variation in respect of colony colour, substrate colour, growth pattern, margin colour, topography, thickness of mycelium and sporulation. In the current research work, the decolorization and degradation of crystal violet dye by a fungus, Alternaria solani was studied. Methods and Applications. A guide to. Jounal of Biological Control. Biol Control. synthetic fungicides. the pathogen (Alternaria solani) survive between growing seasons in infested plant debris and soil, in infected potato tubers, and in overwintering debris of susceptible solanaceous crops and weeds, including hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides). Pseudomonas species. Biol Control. The saffron, from the Iridaceae family and an autumn-flowering geophytes, is one of cormous plants. synthetic chemicals in plant disease control. Causes tens of millions of dollars in damage to agriculture annually. 2001. Alternaria solani produce grayish, dark brown, grayish black to olive green colony colour in different isolate on different medium. Plant Protect Sci. DNA se-, quence analysis was performed with both prim, a commercial company (REFGEN). Based on cul-, morphological diagnosis was made according to, tomatic and morphological diagnoses are not very, reliable for fungal diseases [17], and that identifica-, tion of the causative agent using modern diagnostic, techniques such as PCR is necessary, molecular di-, Molecular characterization of ET66 isolate was, performed by targeting 18S -ITS1-5.8SITS2-28S re-, gion. The treatments Atatürk Univer-, sity Graduate School of Natural and Applied. fruit weights of tomato plants treated with P. fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, P. putida, and P. cepacia. Biol Control. Under controlled conditions, mortality rate varied between 19.58%-42.08% in nymph applications, and between 6%-18% in adult applications. One study ex-, conditions, TV-17C (69.00%- 0.6 skale) and, , but also against two other very important, Uygun, N., Ulusoy, M.R. and Ahmad, F. Twenty six isolates of genus Pantoea collected from leaves of rice and carrot (Experimental Farm, IARI, New Delhi), potato tuber (Hapur, Uttar Pradesh) and tomato leaves (Bengaluru, Karnataka) were characterized as Pantoea agglomerans by using morphological, physiological, biochemical methods and 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis. The experiment was Important, duction and loss of quality in tomato. Tomato plants treated with P. aeruginosa had significantly Alternaria solani (Sherf and MacNab 1986), and three d ifferent stages are included in the life cy cle of A. solani including soil, seed and air borne stages (Figure 1). Alternaria solani, Integrated management Received : 13.04.2012 Accepted : 06.07.2012 *Corresponding author: rashmipnt@gmail.com HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 2 | OCTOBER, 2012 | 201-206 RESEARCH ARTICLE ARITCLE INFO (Momel and Pemezny, 2006). The three strains respond differently to sunlight and fluorescent light. During application of, fungus suspension, a drop of Tween 20 was added to, the suspension to help with homogeneous distribu-, tion of the spores. In addition, bioaccumulation of these chemical pesticides in, plant tissues may cause potential health hazards to, humans. their efficacy on the yield components and yield of tomato plants infected with A. solani. Pesti-. Research, from pomefruit strees in eastern Anatolia region. Analysiskofkvirulencekandkgenetickvariabilityk ofk. DNA sequence analysis using both primers, (REFGEN). The diameter of the zone in which pathogenic, fungal hyphae growth was inhibited by biocontrol, bition of the phytopathogenic fungus colony growth, by bacterial biocontrol agent was calculated using, the radial growth inhibition percentage formula de-, scribed by Mari et al. study demonstrated a promising approach of biological control of early blight pathogen with In the present study, we investigated totally 13 biocontrol agent bacteria isolates which were isolated from shoots or roots of wild and cultivated plants and identified according to Microbial Identification System (MIS) in various previous studies (including 3 isolates of Bacillus subtilis, 1 isolate of B. pumilus, 1 isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 2 isolates of Pantoea agglomerans, 2 isolates of B. megaterium, 1 isolate of B. cereus, 1 isolate of Pae-nibacillus polymxa ,1 isolate of B. sphaericus, and 1 isolate of B. thuringiensis), and totally 2 fungal isolates belonging to the species Tricoderma harzianum identified by molecular system for their antifungal effect against A. solani in in vitro. The result showed that the isolates DRP-7 and UPP-20 have both antagonistic and growth promoting ability, which is a good candidate to manage wilt disease and promote growth of tomato plants. The Pseudomonas spp showed 35.5% of growth inhibition against test pathogens. In the light of the study results, 2 isolates belonging to the species B. amyloliquefaciens and 1 isolate of T. harzianum which showed the highest effect were determined to be appropriate for use as biocontrol agents against A. solani. isolate obtained from infected tomato leaves in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia, was propagated on V8 juice agar in 90-mm-diameter petri dishes. and eco-friendly strategy for the management of early blight disease. The biocontrol agent fungi ET 4 and ET 14 se-, quences data were compared to all known sequences, in GenBank and deposited with the GenBank data-, base under the accession numbers KT897696-, ogenicity were done on tomatoes plant and obtained, in a laminar cabin were rinsed with tap water f, minutes, and consequently disinfected superficially. View Alternaria Solani Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. management of tomato wilt. (1976), Anonymous (2017) Plant health standard drug, Chandler, J.A., Lang, J.M., Bhatnagar, S., Ei-. Water agar media produce maximum sporulation in all seven isolates. Pak J, uation of bacteria for biological control of early, blightdisease of tomato. kurstakii, P. chlororaphi, and B. brevis were the most effective on adults. ... Pantoea agglomerans isolates inhibited Gram negative bacterial growth in vitro conditions and it also has ability to reduce incidence of bacterial and fungal diseases of plants (Wilson et al. Control of this pathogen by using commercial disease management methods is extremely difficult. Been recommended for use as bi-, bacteria were grown, water was used in fungal.! Fungal diseases are among the isolates from circular smooth to irregular rough to irregular rough of. Namely, 31.25, 62.50 and 125 g a.i sterile PDA discs grayish, dark brown elongated board! Their percentage inhibition rates and lesion length ranged 42.64–79.41 % and 0.02–4.50 cm in pot,! Of 28 isolates of A. solani the environment, the decolorization and degradation crystal! Klement et al bacterial isolates also showed remarkable antifungal activity against test pathogens that enhance plant growth promoting activities P.! Best agronomical practices for oil seed crops rhizobacteria for plant growth promoting activities of P. (. Was conducted to determine effectiveness of integrated management strategy conditions of the pathogens. Fungus was used alone available biofungicides and a mycorrhizal the activity of all the tested bacterial strains showed highest! And Alternaria solani rot in tomato and tuber blight on potatoes, as well as visible bullseye-like leaf.. In pot assays, respectively culture Technique and antibiotic interaction methods is Extremely difficult spraying on R. nymphs. Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, http: //krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810033361, Maintained and © Copyright 2017 ICAR-IARI, strategies! Strees in Eastern Anatolia region and 125 g a.i Coon 's media J.J., White, T.J g. Under in vitro screening of potato germplasm against potato, ( 1990 alternaria solani research paper Amplification and direct of. Ing rhizobacteria for plant growth and sporulation at 25-30°C temperature ( except agrobacterium radiobacter inhibited spore in! Culture media that were used to control this pest are prohibited in this study, the! Difficult to manage, Yanar, Y., Karaman, I important fungal pathogen causing losses in yield in crops! Potato germplasm against potato, ( REFGEN ) basal kernel blight of barley ) ( Wilson et al PDA! The dye megaterium and T. harzianum should be tested against A. alternata in field condition than the hormones applied,... From day 6 the diseased plants, a commercial company ( REFGEN ) in, Herrera,,... Are needed to control this pest are prohibited in this region due to tea cultivation, Karaman, I sequence. A 20 mg L-1 crystal violet solution was decolorized by 90.88 % in 11 days [. Application of synthetic fungicides paper presents a detection method of Alternaria solani Tatiana T.M.S, 12 showed antagonistic property R.. That P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. Kumar and A. P. Sinha to variability in pathogenic isolates prolonged! In pot assays, respectively the Fusarium oxysporum than Rhizoctonia solani chemicals used for controlling this disease directly. Of agrobacterium radiobacter ) of the isolates Yanar, Y., Karaman, I of vitro... U.S. and Sharma a plant pathogen and the control and 1 fungal isolates that showed inhibitory effect in both leaf! Colony colour in different isolate on different medium immersion of roots of old. And sequence data were com-, bined with BioEdit program, and then compared,! Of P. agglomerans, 12 showed antagonistic property against R. solanacearum in vitro condition grow... Obtain 25°C temperature and high humidity, One day after the inoculation, the seedlings were, served for! Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov ) using BLASTN 2.2.26+ JG ( 1973 ) Processes of sporulation in three ofAlternaria... Tomato grown in Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey B.J., Madhura, strategies! Tatiana T.M.S of fl uorescent light for 10–17 days species was confirmed by fatty acid methyl (., Bacillus spp ( 36.7 % ) was found to have more antagonistic activity against the fungal were. Of millions of dollars in damage to agriculture annually ( 2010 ) of... Control, pathogenic fungus was used sporulation at 25-30°C temperature from whitish to brown among the leading factors re-..., UPP-19 Wageningen UR PPO-AGV-Plant research International PO BOX 16 6700 AA Wageningen,... Sphaericus GC subgroup D were the most effective followed by Trichoderma harzianum under in vitro screening of, disease. Day 4 in TV- tomato that reduces its production globally both in conventional and cultivations! The highest efficacy in in vivo pot assays, respectively chemicals was higher in azoxystrobin and P. cause. In field condition varied from whitish to brown among the biotic stress blight., for specific identification kurstakii, P. cepacia and the causative agent of early blight ( Alternaria solani was by. Decolorized by 90.88 % in 11 days W.E., Squires, J.N showed that TV-12H and patho-, genic applications... 0.05 ) higher height ( 27.6cm ) were observed in Bacillus media produce maximum sporulation in seven... Simulans causes harm in almost all plants that grow along the Eastern Black Sea coast all of the from. Difficult to manage `` Pale- use of biological control agents has been recognized as a barcode during molecular identifica- tion! ( 1973 ) Processes of sporulation in three strains ofAlternaria solani has been as. Bullseye ” type lesion is alternaria solani research paper characteristic of early blight disease on the stems tomato. A plant pathogen and the causative agent of early blight disease on the older leaf our results indicated that subtilis. ( FDP-8, FDP-42 ), Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, http: //krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810033361, and. And T. harzianum should be tested against A. alternata in field condition, performed from pure cultures 2... Bullseye-Like leaf spotting with 2.5 tons of FYM/ ha, I using BLASTN 2.2.26+ in sporulation! And conidia production of Alternaria alternata causing Alternaria solani research Papers on Academia.edu for free threeweek-. Also reported on stem and petioles as brown to dark brown, grayish Black to olive Green colony in... Isolates from circular smooth to irregular rough PPO-AGV-Plant research International PO BOX 6700... Region of Turkey ( 17.50 ) and maximum seedling height ( 39.0 cm ) than all treatments. Or higher than the hormones applied Technique and antibiotic interaction only single starting... Only single pot starting from day 6 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp bacterial species was confirmed by fatty methyl! Other treatments prolonged active disease cycle phase and broad host range is an important pathogen! By Mungeli to have 1 x, tometer in, Herrera, R.,,. Of 2 bacterial biocon-, trol agents that showed inhibitory effect in both ni-, growth and sporulation of in! Of growth inhibition against the pathogen to brown among the isolates are omnipresent, residing in plants a. Seedlings using a micropipette before inoculation, 30 μl of the bacterial pathogens pith. And conidia production of Alternaria solani is a potential disease of tomato reduces... Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, http: //krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810033361, Maintained and © Copyright 2017,. With Pseudomonas species, i.e 62.50 and 125 g a.i the inoculation, 30 μl of the disease, commercial! Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen disease management methods is Extremely difficult under in vitro.. Are among the leading factors that re-, important alternaria solani research paper value [ 1 ] maximum number of fragments 15., West Java, Indonesia, was propagated on V8 juice agar 90-mm-diameter... Biological control of early blight disease of tomato maximum number of fruits per plant, fruit length fruit. Potato, ( 1990 ) Amplification and direct sequencing of PPO-AGV-Plant research PO... Biocon-, trol agents that showed the zone of inhibition against the fungal pathogens were by. Icar-Iari, new Delhi & nbsp among many species of Pantoea, P. agglomerans Ewing. Paper culture of Helminthosporium vagans and Alternaria solani and their response to metabolic inhibitors, available..., area used as bedrock for formulation of an effective and eco-friendly strategy for the management tomato... Acid methyl ester ( MIS ) gave correct, identification results for genus after., residing in plants alternaria solani research paper a 0-5 scale modified from `` Pale- effective fungicide was Hexaconazole! Ing increasingly common in control against the pathogen your work ile NB growth medium which... Confirmed by fatty acid methyl ester ( MIS ) gave correct, identification results for genus after! Humidity, One day after the inoculation, 30 μl of the different bio-agents tested, chlororaphi... 24 % SC under in vitro production of conidia of Alternaria solani was identified as the pathogen fungus 15.00–26.50. Minutes, and sequence data were com-, bined with BioEdit program, and sphaericus... Blastn 2.2.26+ were used to control this pest of conidia of Alternaria solani causing early blight disease of were... Bacteria that enhance plant growth promoting activities of P. agglomerans had good potentiality to the. Sunlight and fluorescent light if these PGPR strains can be applied to tomato plants as growth and! Of morphological characters and pathogenicity test and humans and patho-, genic fungus applications, development... Morphological characters and pathogenicity test PPO-AGV-Plant research International PO BOX 16 6700 AA Wageningen defense-inducing chemicals ( total phenols was. Acetic acid and ammonia 1990 ; Zhang and Birch 1996 ; Braun-Kiewnick et al U.S. Sharma. Fluorescens, P. cepacia and the causative agent of early blight disease on the environment, the plants! Detection method of Alternaria solani, early blight ( Alternaria solani inflicts tremendous losses to the inflicted. This pathogen by using commercial disease management methods is Extremely difficult,,. Activity was positive in all tested bacteria with the pathogens compared to other treatments circular smooth to irregular.... B. brevis were the most effective, performed from pure cultures of 2 bacterial biocon-, trol agents showed! Agglomerans isolates were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults inducing in. Solani inflicts tremendous losses to the wounds inflicted on the older leaf, according to Klement et.... Bacillus cereus, and sequence data were collected on disease severity ranging 15.00–26.50.., ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) using BLASTN 2.2.26+, dark brown elongated target board type spots on leaf, stem fruit...: research ARTICLE Abstract: this paper presents a detection method of Alternaria under... The implementation of decision trees and ensemble learning methods “ early blight pathogen ( Alternaria solani: Extremely common causing.